Highlighted words are common; grey words are rarer but in the dictionary. Lists use an open-source English word list, not the official Scrabble lists, so a few entries may not be valid in a given game.
Q without U, by length
2 letters
1qi
3 letters
4qatqinqissuq
4 letters
8fiqhqadiqaidqatsqinsqophsuqswaqf
5 letters
15burqafaqirfiqhsguqinniqabqadisqaidsqanatqiblaqophsqormatalaqtranqumiaqwaqfs
6 letters
21buqshaburqasfaqirsguqinsniqabsqabalaqanatsqasidaqawwalqiblasqigongqindarqintarqiviutqormasqwertysheqeltalaqstranqsumiaqsyaqona
7 letters
16buqshasinqilabqabalahqabalasqasidasqawwaliqawwalsqigongsqindarsqintarsqiviutsqwertyssheqelstsaddiqtzaddiqyaqonas
8 letters
15inqilabsmbaqangamuqaddamqabalahsqabalismqabalistqaimaqamqalamdanqawwalisqindarkaqintarkaqwertiessheqalimtsaddiqstzaddiqs
9 letters
9mbaqangasmuqaddamsqabalismsqabalistsqaimaqamsqalamdansqinghaosutsaddiqimtzaddiqim
10 letters
2qabalisticqinghaosus
The ones to actually remember
Most of this list is loanwords you will never draw. The ones that come up in real games: qi and qis, qat and qats, qaid, qoph, faqir, tranq, niqab, burqa, qabala, sheqel, qanat, qindar, qintar, mbaqanga. Learn the first six and the Q stops being a liability.
Where the words come from
Q without U words are mostly transliterations: Arabic (qat, qadi, niqab, burqa, faqir), Hebrew (qoph, sheqel, qabala), Chinese (qi), Albanian (qindar, qintar) and Persian (qanat). Dictionaries differ on which ones they admit, which is why counts vary between word lists.